How Play Therapy Supports Children’s Needs Through Maslow’s Hierarchy
Play Therapy is a powerful way to meet a child’s emotional and developmental needs. When we view it through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, we can see how play supports growth at every stage.
Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs connect quite naturally, because both focus on supporting the whole child and their growth.
Here’s how the hierarchy relates to CCPT:
1. Physiological Needs (Food, water, rest, safety of the body)
In CCPT, before a child can engage in therapeutic play, they need to feel physically comfortable and safe in the playroom.
The consistent setting, predictable routines, and basic care (like water, snacks if appropriate, and a calm space) help meet these needs.
2. Safety Needs (Stability, security, protection)
The playroom provides a structured and safe environment with clear limits.
The therapist’s consistent presence, nonjudgmental acceptance, and gentle limit-setting foster a sense of psychological and emotional safety.
3. Love and Belonging (Relationships, acceptance, connection)
CCPT emphasizes the therapeutic relationship.
The child experiences unconditional positive regard, empathy, and acceptance, helping them feel connected and valued.
This sense of belonging allows children to test out relationships and express themselves freely in play.
4. Esteem Needs (Competence, self-worth, confidence)
Through returning responsibility, reflecting strengths, and encouragement, therapists help children build self-esteem.
When a child sees that their choices matter in play, they develop confidence in their ability to solve problems and cope with challenges.
5. Self-Actualization (Reaching full potential, creativity, growth)
At the top of Maslow’s pyramid, CCPT supports self-actualization by giving children the freedom to express their inner world, work through struggles symbolically, and grow in self-understanding.
Play becomes the pathway for children to realize their potential, develop resilience, and integrate their experiences in a healthy way.